产权性质、企业精准扶贫行为与资本市场反应

以2015~2018年A股上市公司为研究对象，考察企业精准扶贫行为动因与方式选择及所引起的市场反应。结果发现：国有企业和政治关联民营企业精准扶贫更积极，但两者精准扶贫方式存在差异，国有企业更倾向整合型精准扶贫，政治关联民营企业则倾向慈善型精准扶贫。进一步，企业参与精准扶贫产生了积极市场反应；相较国有企业，民营企业精准扶贫产生的市场反应更积极，尤其体现在政治关联民营企业中。同时，扶贫方式及扶贫持续性对精准扶贫信息披露的市场反应有影响。     

The impact of non-performing loans on bank lending in Europe: An empirical analysis

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, considerable attention has been paid to the accumulation of non-performing loans in the balance sheet of European banks and to its potential negative effects on bank lending to the real economy. Using a dataset composed of bank-specific information and country aggregates, we study the impact of the stock and the flow of non-performing loans on the lending activities of a sample of 75 European banks between 2014 and 2018. In general, higher rates of non-performing loans, together with other variables, are associated with lower growth rates of performing loans. This effect persists across several econometric specifications and is more significant for those banks exhibiting lower growth rates of performing loans. Similarly, our econometric analysis suggests that banks with higher decreases in their rate of non-performing loans tend to lend more to the real economy, an effect which is particularly intense at the right tail of the distribution. The findings of our paper can be useful for policymakers when addressing the resolution of non-performing loans in banks.     

Does bond market development enhance the banking sector’s efficiency in resource allocation? Industry-level evidence from Korea

Korea’s financial system used to be bank-based, with banks playing the leading role in financing corporations. As highlighted by Park et al. (2019), however, bond markets have developed rapidly in Korea and other Asian countries. The corporate bond market competes with banks as a source of finance for large borrowers. As such, bond markets may affect banking sector operation, a process known as disintermediation. In this paper, we examine whether bond market development improves the efficiency of resource allocation in Korean bank lending. We propose two channels through which bond market development affects the efficiency of bank lending. Since the two channels have opposing effects on the efficiency of banking, the issue must be settled by empirical analysis. We find that bank loans are much less efficient than bond financing in allocating resources across industries. Furthermore, banks are particularly inefficient in resource allocation in industries that rely more on bond financing. This suggests that competition from bond financing does not improve allocative efficiency of bank loans.     

Predicting bank insolvencies using machine learning techniques

Proactively monitoring and assessing the economic health of financial institutions has always been the cornerstone of supervisory authorities. In this work, we employ a series of modeling techniques to predict bank insolvencies on a sample of US-based financial institutions. Our empirical results indicate that the method of Random Forests (RF) has a superior out-of-sample and out-of-time predictive performance, with Neural Networks also performing almost equally well as RF in out-of-time samples. These conclusions are drawn not only by comparison with broadly used bank failure models, such as Logistic, but also by comparison with other advanced machine learning techniques. Furthermore, our results illustrate that in the CAMELS evaluation framework, metrics related to earnings and capital constitute the factors with higher marginal contribution to the prediction of bank failures. Finally, we assess the generalization of our model by providing a case study to a sample of major European banks.     

How to get banks to take less risk and disclose bad news

There is wide agreement that before the recent financial crisis, financial institutions took excessive risk in their investment strategies. At the same time, regulators complained that banks did not reveal the extent of their difficulties in a timely fashion thus reducing the effectiveness of government intervention to prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of the financial crisis. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how regulators can best use certain tools at their disposal to motivate banks to take less risk and to provide adverse information to regulators early. We argue that two tools, namely (i) allowing bank payouts to equity holders even when banks report they are in trouble and (ii) constraining banks’ future investment strategy when they are in trouble can achieve both goals. We show that, in some cases, it is optimal to use both of these tools in combination. That is, in such cases it is optimal to allow equity payouts when banks report they are in trouble, even though such payouts increase the incentive for banks to take excessive risk and even though these payments are financed by taxpayers. We also show that the more socially costly is constraining the bank’s portfolio selection or the more complex are the bank’s assets, the more likely it is that allowing larger payouts and fewer constraints is optimal. Finally we discuss how changes in bank capital requirements interact with inducing disclosure and preventing excessive risk taking.     

高管政治背景与民营企业综合税负——基于政治关联的非线性影响研究

民营企业通过与政府建立良好的关系获得与国有企业同等待遇,税负是其中重要的一个方面。现有研究从线性的角度分析了政治关联对民营企业税负的影响,实际上,不同政治关联度对税负的影响方向是不同的。以2009-2011年沪深两市A股主板民营上市公司为样本,探讨政治关联是否影响企业税负以及政治关联度的变化对企业综合税负率的影响。研究发现,政治关联有助于降低民营上市公司综合税负率,且政治关联度与综合税负率之间存在倒U型关系。研究还进一步确定了政治关联度的拐点,为政府规制政策的制定提供参考。     

网络节点特征与城市绿色创新效率提升——基于节点枢纽性与节点聚集度视角

随着城市间创新联系的持续增强,城市创新网络的优化与发展对城市绿色创新效率的促进作用日益凸现。部分研究考察了城市绿色创新效率的空间溢出效应和城市创新网络特征的影响,但鲜有文献关注城市的网络节点特征对其绿色创新效率的影响,尤其缺乏相应的经验分析。本文认为,在城市创新网络中各个城市即网络中的节点,创新资源和活动在节点的聚集产生规模效应,创新资源和活动在节点间流动则带来溢出效应,两者都有利于城市绿色创新效率的提升。因此,反映节点在网络联系中重要性的节点枢纽性和反映网络中不同节点聚集成团程度的节点聚集度提高,均有利于城市绿色创新效率的提升。节点枢纽性的提高对城市自身的基础设施建设提出更高要求,因而可以通过改善基础设施的路径促进城市绿色创新效率提升;节点聚集度的提高为城市金融发展带来更多的需求和机会,因而可以通过增加创新投融资规模的路径促进城市绿色创新效率提升。在城市密度和经济发展水平较高的地区,城市间的创新联系较便利,节点枢纽性提高对城市绿色创新效率提升的促进作用较大;而在城市密度和经济发展水平较低的地区,创新聚集的效率相对较高,节点聚集度提高对城市绿色创新效率提升的促进作用较大。以2010—2018年中国279个城市为样本,通过引力模型构建城市创新网络,进而测度节点枢纽性和节点聚集度,分析发现：节点枢纽性和节点聚集度对城市绿色创新效率具有显著正向影响;城市交通基础设施在节点枢纽性促进城市绿色创新效率中具有显著的部分中介效应,城市金融机构存款水平在节点聚集度促进城市绿色创新效率中具有显著的遮掩效应;节点枢纽性对城市绿色创新效率的促进效应在东、中、西部地区依次减弱,而节点聚集度的促进效应依次增强。相比已有文献,本文主要从三个方面进行了拓展和深化：一是从网络节点特征角度拓展城市绿色创新效率的影响因素研究,二是从影响路径和区域异质性层面深化网络节点特征影响创新效率的机制研究,三是为通过改善网络节点特征促进绿色创新效率提升提供经验证据。本文揭示了城市创新网络进化（节点枢纽性与节点聚集度提高）对绿色创新效率提升的重要作用及其影响路径和区域异质性,有利于在新发展阶段通过优化城市网络发展格局进一步促进创新发展和绿色发展。     

关于企业税收流失与涉税人员的关系分析

对企业方面的税收流失与会计人员、企业负责人、税务人员、行政长官及社会监督人员的关系进行分析 ,提出税收流失重点在于预防 ,关键在于提高全体社会成员的税收意识 ,最终实现税收流失的源泉控制。     

生产性服务业外资企业投资分布演化——基于江苏省的实证研究

随着全球生产制造活动向我国的大规模转移,近年来服务业外国直接投资也表现出了快速增长的势头。本文以制造业外国直接投资较为集中的江苏省为研究对象,重点从集聚的"路径依赖"效果和产业关联作用两个角度考察了生产性服务业外资企业的投资分布状况及其空间演化。结果表明,短期内,路径依赖效果和产业关联作用都产生了显著影响,但长期影响效果还不是很明显。     

公司治理与银行成长之关系探讨(上)——兼论我国银行公司治理的建构

经过20多年的改革以后,我国银行业终于将改革的重点置于"建立和完善良好的银行公司治理".本文从公司治理与银行经营绩效的内在逻辑关系出发,比较分析了不同公司治理模式及其特征,从理论上阐述了公司治理的本质以及加强公司治理建设的重要性,并针对我国银行公司治理面临的诸多现实挑战,提出了相关策略建议.